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The names listed below are those of individuals whose violent death is attributed to the Islamic Republic of Iran, or to agents acting on its behalf. The list, drawn mainly from published sources, is not exhaustive. Executions are not always announced and the media has not been consistent in reporting those that were made public. The information regarding victims of bombings (carried out by or on behalf of the Islamic Republic outside Iran) is also incomplete. Further, the list does not include those killed in armed clashes with the Islamic Republic’s armed forces or the civilians killed by the Islamic Republic’s security forces or militias in such context.
Sources
Research for the Memorial is ongoing...Results 851 - 875 of 11490 » Razieh Amari Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » Romina Ambar Lujan Boland Age 19 Occupation student Execution bombing, July 18, 1994, Buenos Aires, Argentina » Fariba Ameli Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » Mohammad Reza Ameli Tehrani Age 52 Occupation high ranking government official Execution shooting, May 8, 1979, Tehran, Iran » Emam Ali Ameqi Execution November 4, 1983, Bandar-e Abbas, Iran » Sadeq (Jamal) Amer Tusi Age 26 Occupation university student Execution shooting, February 9, 1984, Tehran, Iran » Ozra Ameri Age 28 Execution 1988, Andimashk, Iran » Robert C. Ames Occupation government Employee Execution bombing, April 18, 1983, Beirut, Lebanon » Mohammad Amim Occupation health related professional Execution shooting, 1981, Esfahan, Iran » Massoud Amin Age 16 Execution hanging, December 1988, Tehran, Iran » Reza Amin Age 18 Execution hanging, December 1988, Tehran, Iran » Reza Amin Age 19 Execution 1988, Rasht, Iran » Mehdi Amin Amin Age 65 Occupation legal professional Execution unspecified execution method, December 27, 1981, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran » Shams Amin-Ol-Tolieh Execution September 1988, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran » Seyyed Shams Amin-oltolieh Age 25 Execution hanging, August 3, 1988, Gohardasht Prison, Karaj, Iran » Shamsi Amin-Oo-Doleh Execution August 3, 1988, Tehran, Iran » Mohammad Aminchorteh Execution July 4, 1984, Rasht, Iran » Ayyoub Amini Age 26 Execution hanging, August 1988, Shiraz, Iran » Behruz Amini Execution January 11, 1982, Iran » Hamed Amini Execution shooting, August 21, 1979, Paveh, Iran » Hamid Amini Execution shooting, November 19, 1979, Dizel Abad, Iran » Kamran Amini Execution September 1988, Iran » Khosro Amini Age 36 Execution August 1988, Gohardasht Prison, Karaj, Iran » Ma'sumeh Amini Age 17 Execution Iran » Ma'sumeh Amini Age 25 Execution unspecified execution method, November 1988, Gohardasht Prison, Karaj, Iran page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, A 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, B 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, C 92, 93, 94, 95, D 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, E 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, F 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, G 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, H 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, I 187, 188, J 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, K 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, L 248, 249, 250, M 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, N 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, O 313, 314, 315, P 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, Q 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, R 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, S 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, T 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, U 432, 433, 434, 435, W 436, 437, 438, Z 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460
This list is drawn from published sources such as the Islamic Republic’s media, official statements, reports by international and national human rights organizations, civil society groups, political parties’ publications, published memoirs, and interviews with victims’ relatives and friends. Omid has strived to be as accurate as possible, eliminate duplicates, and verify the information. The sources of the information are quoted in each individual page. The information from unpublished sources that has not been verified is presented as such.
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The legal contextThe courts
Special courts, known as the Islamic Revolutionary Tribunals, were set up after the February 1979 revolution. Their jurisdiction encompasses a wide array of offences ranging from association with or support of the former regime, promotion of foreign influence, and enmity with the revolution to possession, use or sales of narcotic drugs, murder, and profiteering. In the 1980s, a penal court, presided over by one judge, was created to handle some of the offenses punishable by death, such as theft or adultery. These tribunals’ decisions must be confirmed by a chamber of the Supreme Judicial Council.
The judges
Prosecutors and judges are not necessarily jurists. By 1981, the judiciary was purged of judges trained in law schools. They were replaced by seminary graduates and students, as well as by political appointees (an estimated 2000 by 1989). Since by law judges are only required to have a high school diploma and must be faithful to the Islamic Republic’s tenets, new recruits often have little formal training in the law and are chosen because of their political affiliation.
The procedure
The procedures of these ecclesiastical tribunals fail to meet the minimum guarantees for fair trial as established by international human rights instruments and by sha’ria (the Islamic system of law). In addition to executions ordered by revolutionary tribunals, extra-judicial executions are carried out, targeting dissidents and opposition leaders. In some cases, both inside and outside of Iran, these executions have been traced back to Iranian officials. It is, however, not known if in these particular cases trials are held in absentia.
Sources (Among others): Amnesty International, Law and Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, February 1980; Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights, The Justice System of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1992; E/CN.4/1989/26 p.14; UNCHR, Resolution 1984/54 , Abolition of Torture - Iran - 1; 28 November 1984; Report on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Special Representative of the Commission, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, 28 January 1987. Amnesty International, A SHOCKED WORLD WATCHES IN DISBELIEF, VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS, 1987-1990. Memoirs of Ayatollah Khalkhali, religious judge and former head of revolutionary tribunals (2001), and Ayatollah Montazeri, dismissed successor to Ayatollah Khomeini (2001). UNCH, E/CN.4/1994/50, Final report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, pursuant to Commission resolution 1993/62 of 10 March 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/273. E/CN.4/1994/50, 2 February 1994.
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