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The names listed below are those of individuals whose violent death is attributed to the Islamic Republic of Iran, or to agents acting on its behalf. The list, drawn mainly from published sources, is not exhaustive. Executions are not always announced and the media has not been consistent in reporting those that were made public. The information regarding victims of bombings (carried out by or on behalf of the Islamic Republic outside Iran) is also incomplete. Further, the list does not include those killed in armed clashes with the Islamic Republic’s armed forces or the civilians killed by the Islamic Republic’s security forces or militias in such context.
Sources
Research for the Memorial is ongoing...Results 276 - 300 of 10722 » Parvin Abedini Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » Mostafa Abedini Abkenari Age 27 Execution shooting, October 1988, Rasht, Iran » Qasem Abedini Marghzari Execution March 14, 1982, Neyshabur, Iran » Gholam Reza Abedisir Execution hanging, February 14, 1984, Qasr Prison, Tehran, Iran » Hossein Abedpur Execution June 1982, Ramsar, Iran » Behzad Aberi Age 20 Execution September 12, 1982, Sanandaj, Iran » Fereidun Aberumnad Azar Age 28 Execution shooting, July 17, 1981, Tabriz, Iran » Yadollah Abhesht Age 26 Occupation university student Execution shooting, October 8, 1981, Rasht, Iran » Vida Goli Abkenari Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » ◊ Hamid Abnus Age 22 Execution beheading, August 9, 1990, Qom, Iran » Davud Abodarda Age 30 Occupation professional Execution shooting, December 1981, Esfahan, Iran » Hasan Abodarda Age 28 Occupation teaching professional Execution shooting, July 13, 1981, Esfahan, Iran » Leyla Abolahrar Shirazi Age 22 Occupation university student Execution shooting, November 29, 1981, Tehran, Iran » Soraya Abolfathi Age 20 Occupation university student Execution shooting, September 24, 1981, Tabriz, Iran » Fatemeh Abolhassani Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » Khalil Abolhassani Age 20 Execution shooting, September 22, 1981, Borujerd, Iran » Majid Abolhassani Age 18 Occupation high school student Execution shooting, September 29, 1981, Tehran, Iran » Reza Abolhassani Age 17 Occupation high school student Execution shooting, September 27, 1981, Tehran, Iran » Abolqasem Abolqasem Execution unspecified execution method, April 8, 1984, Iran » Ahmad Abolqasem Execution unspecified execution method, April 8, 1984, Iran » Esmail Abolqasemi Execution unspecified execution method, July 11, 1980, Sabzevar, Iran » Gholamhosein Abolqasemi Execution shooting, October 18, 1982, Amol, Iran » Asghar Abolvardi Execution unspecified execution method, February 3, 1986, Shohada Square, Iran » Asghar Abootorab Age 23 Execution hanging, August 1988, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran » Saeid Abootorab Age 28 Execution hanging, August 1988, Gohardasht Prison, Karaj, Iran page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, A 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, B 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, C 89, 90, 91, 92, D 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, E 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, F 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, G 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, H 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, I 173, 174, J 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, K 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, L 223, 224, 225, M 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, N 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, O 287, 288, P 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, Q 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, R 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, S 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, T 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, U 403, 404, 405, 406, W 407, 408, 409, Z 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429
This list is drawn from published sources such as the Islamic Republic’s media, official statements, reports by international and national human rights organizations, civil society groups, political parties’ publications, published memoirs, and interviews with victims’ relatives and friends. Omid has strived to be as accurate as possible, eliminate duplicates, and verify the information. The sources of the information are quoted in each individual page. The information from unpublished sources that has not been verified is presented as such.
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The legal contextThe courts
Special courts, known as the Islamic Revolutionary Tribunals, were set up after the February 1979 revolution. Their jurisdiction encompasses a wide array of offences ranging from association with or support of the former regime, promotion of foreign influence, and enmity with the revolution to possession, use or sales of narcotic drugs, murder, and profiteering. In the 1980s, a penal court, presided over by one judge, was created to handle some of the offenses punishable by death, such as theft or adultery. These tribunals’ decisions must be confirmed by a chamber of the Supreme Judicial Council.
The judges
Prosecutors and judges are not necessarily jurists. By 1981, the judiciary was purged of judges trained in law schools. They were replaced by seminary graduates and students, as well as by political appointees (an estimated 2000 by 1989). Since by law judges are only required to have a high school diploma and must be faithful to the Islamic Republic’s tenets, new recruits often have little formal training in the law and are chosen because of their political affiliation.
The procedure
The procedures of these ecclesiastical tribunals fail to meet the minimum guarantees for fair trial as established by international human rights instruments and by sha’ria (the Islamic system of law). In addition to executions ordered by revolutionary tribunals, extra-judicial executions are carried out, targeting dissidents and opposition leaders. In some cases, both inside and outside of Iran, these executions have been traced back to Iranian officials. It is, however, not known if in these particular cases trials are held in absentia.
Sources (Among others): Amnesty International, Law and Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, February 1980; Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights, The Justice System of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1992; E/CN.4/1989/26 p.14; UNCHR, Resolution 1984/54 , Abolition of Torture - Iran - 1; 28 November 1984; Report on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Special Representative of the Commission, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, 28 January 1987. Amnesty International, A SHOCKED WORLD WATCHES IN DISBELIEF, VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS, 1987-1990. Memoirs of Ayatollah Khalkhali, religious judge and former head of revolutionary tribunals (2001), and Ayatollah Montazeri, dismissed successor to Ayatollah Khomeini (2001). UNCH, E/CN.4/1994/50, Final report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, pursuant to Commission resolution 1993/62 of 10 March 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/273. E/CN.4/1994/50, 2 February 1994.
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